The United States and China are engaged in a new race, not just in space, but also on Earth, over a critical resource: time itself. Global positioning satellites, which serve as clocks in the sky, have become essential for a wide range of services, from telecommunications to emergency response systems. However, these services are increasingly at risk as space becomes militarized and satellite signals are targeted on Earth.
The United States, unlike China, lacks a backup plan for civilians in case these signals are disrupted. Recent events, such as Russia’s potential deployment of a nuclear weapon in space, have highlighted the vulnerability of satellites. With threats growing from countries like Russia, China, and India, the risks of losing access to satellite signals are becoming more tangible.
While the United States has recognized these risks, it is years away from having a reliable alternative source for time and navigation if GPS signals are interrupted. Previous plans to create a backup to satellites have not materialized, and current efforts to solicit bids from private companies may take years to implement.
In contrast, China is forging ahead with plans to build the largest and most advanced timing system in the world, independent of GPS signals. China’s investments in infrastructure and satellite technology aim to ensure its independence in time and navigation services.
The United States is exploring options such as launching new satellites and setting up fiber optic timing systems to address the vulnerabilities in its current system. Private companies like Satelles have developed alternative sources for time using low-Earth-orbit satellites, which are less vulnerable to attacks in space.
The consequences of not finding a solution to the vulnerabilities in satellite systems could be severe. A world without satellite signals would result in delayed emergency responses, dropped cellphone calls, lost ships, longer power outages, and higher food costs. The reliance on satellite signals in critical civilian systems could have dire economic consequences.
For now, the deterrence of mutually assured losses prevents major attacks on satellite signals. However, experts warn that the government needs to do more to provide alternatives to the public and address the vulnerabilities in the current system. As the race for control over time and navigation intensifies, the United States faces the challenge of catching up to China’s advancements in this critical area.
